Practical legal analysis and guidance on doing business with China, written by our lawyers.
The 2019 Hong Kong Arrangement and Cap. 645, the 2006 Macau Arrangement, the Article 16 punitive-damages and Article 17 non-monetary limits, and the two-year time bars.
The revised Article 178 collision apportionment, Article 188 no-cure-no-pay, Article 191 special compensation, Article 212 adjustment rules, and the 288/289/290 time bars.
Article 231 judicial dissolution, Article 89(1) and 89(3) buy-out rights, Article 84 transfer without majority consent, and the Article 232/233/240 liquidation mechanics.
The Article 21 claims, the Article 23 arrestable ships, the Article 76 two-way security, the 48-hour decision and 30-day windows, and wrongful-arrest liability under Article 20.
The Article 3 and 41 two-step test, the Article 4 and 5 limits, the Civil Code Article 467(2) mandatory-Chinese-law contracts, and the 2024 rules on ascertaining foreign law.
The Article 12 term ceilings, Civil Code Article 359 renewal, the Urban Real Estate Administration Law renewal and idle-land rules, and the Land Administration Law compensation standards.
The carrier's period of responsibility, the Article 52 defences, the 666.67 SDR package limit, the Article 88 notice deadlines and the Article 284 time bar under the 2025 Maritime Code.
Producer strict liability, seller and importer recourse, recall, punitive damages under Article 1207, and the defences for foreign manufacturers.
Civil rescission under the Civil Code, fraud and contract fraud under the Criminal Law, pre-action freezing under the Civil Procedure Law, and the incidental civil claim.
The 2025 AUCL renumbering, the two-stage burden of proof, damages and punitive damages, and the criminal threshold for misappropriation.
The five-year contribution rule, board call and forfeiture, accelerated maturity, capital withdrawal, and transferee liability under Articles 47 to 54 and 88.
Hague Service and Evidence Conventions, the central-authority channels, the Civil Procedure Law restrictions, and the data-transfer limits that sit on top.
Civil Code testamentary trusts, the six will forms and their witness rules, the family-trust threshold, and the conflict-of-laws rules for cross-border estates.
Labor Contract Law Article 8, the PIPL's sensitive-information rules and separate consent, the criminal-record reporting duty, and the third-party agency risk.
The Cultural Relics Protection Law's export tiers, the Auction Law's defect-disclosure rule, private-collection channels, and cross-border repatriation.
How Civil Code Articles 1218, 1222, 1223 and 1224 allocate fault, the informed-consent rule, and the record failures that decide a case.
The pre-sale permit check, the up-to-100% punitive-damages exposure, and how the 2023 Reply gives consumer home-buyers priority over construction and mortgage claims.
The anti-discrimination baseline, the employer's own anti-harassment duties under Civil Code Article 1010 and the Women's Rights Law, and Article 87 double severance.
How the Work Injury Insurance Regulation classifies, determines and compensates work injuries, and why the onshore entity — not the foreign parent — is the employer that pays.
How the Civil Code perfects mortgages, pledges and suretyship, the two-year enforcement window, and the AMC channels through which Chinese NPLs are actually acquired.
How China’s representative actions and consumer public-interest litigation work, who has standing, and where the 3x, 2x and 10x punitive-damages multipliers actually bite.
Practical traps foreign buyers face at every stage — and how to guard against each one.
Our lawyers are happy to discuss your situation in a free initial consultation.